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在 BMW 520i 二次进气阀中“用手指试验”( 高亮显示)若在该侧存在沉积物,则止回阀 不密封,必须予以更换。

二次进气系统

故障查找

Pierburg | Motorservice

冷起动时,发动机舱中出现刮擦声或啸叫声?故障存储器中存在故障代码 P0410 或 P0411?
我们为您介绍其原因以及检查二次空气泵和二次进气阀的方法。

二次进气系统与 OBD(车载故障诊断 系统)

在欧版车载自动诊断系统(EOBD)中仅 检查二次进气系统的电气接口方面,不含 效果检查。 在电气接口方面,将监控对地短路、对电 源电压短路以及断路。

在美版车载故障诊断系统 OBD(车载故 障诊断系统)II 中将检查二次进气系统的 效果: 为执行检查,在发动机已预热的每个行驶 周期将启动一次二次空气泵。 这样氧传感器才能探测氧气盈余量。控制 器会拿这些探测信号与额定值进行比对。


可能的 OBD(车载故障诊断系统)故障 代码:

  • P0410 功能故障
  • P0411 进气量不足

二次进气阀如果开启,则可能导致进气量 探测器信号被误报为“太稀”。这可能造 成下列故障信息:

  • 氧传感器——达到调节极限
故障查找技巧

与二次进气系统相关的常见投诉:

  • 二次空气泵产生噪音
  • 二次空气泵不工作

在大多数此类情况中,尾气冷凝物因止回 阀损坏或二次进气阀控制装置损坏进入二 次空气泵,然后造成其损坏。实践证明,修 理时往往仅更换二次空气泵。因此通常在 短时间后便再度出现索赔要求。

二次进气系统内的单个零部件功能异常可 引发其他元件受到损伤。 因此,在故障情况下应始终检查所有组件。

测试:二次空气泵

在冷机时,发动机起动后应最长有 90 秒的 时间可听见二次空气泵声音。 如需在暖机时检查部件,可拔下二次空气 泵的连接插头并接通车载电压。

Trouble-shooting advice

  • 如果二次空气泵不运行或运行时带有 刮擦声、哨声或沙沙声,则应予以更 换。
  • 在此情况下,也检查二次进气系统的 其他组件。
  • 检查发动机空气滤清器是否脏污。如 不通过进气系统而是直接从发动机舱 吸取二次空气,则位于二次空气泵前方 的单独空气滤清器可能堵塞。

Checking: Secondary-air pump

With a cold engine, the secondary-air pump must be heard to start up for max. 90 seconds after starting.
For component checking with a warm engine, the secondary-air pump connector can be unplugged and supplied with vehicle electrical system voltage.

拆卸后,可利用手动真空泵检查真空控制 的二次进气阀功能:

  • 如果在接通真空时二次进气阀未打 开,则应予以更换。
  • 如果在接通真空时二次进气阀打开, 则应检查控制电磁阀(换向阀)及真空 软管。
  • 如果接通至手动真空泵的真空降低,则 二次进气阀膜片未密封。
  • 朝着二次空气泵的侧面有沉积物(用 手指试验,如图示),表明止回阀未密 封。
  • 如需检查,请松开二次空气泵与二次进 气阀之间的连接软管。

这种情况下,二次空气泵可能已经损坏:检 查二次空气泵,必要时予以更换。

 
  • The secondary-air pump must be replaced if it does not run or makes a scraping, whistling or scratching noise during operation.
  • In such cases, the other secondary-air system components should also be checked.
  • Check for contamination of the engine air filter.
    If the secondary-air is drawn in directly from the engine compartment rather than from the intake system, the separate air filter fitted upstream of the secondary-air pump may be clogged.
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Checking: Secondary-air valve

Following removal, operation of a vacuumcontrolled secondary-air valve can be checked using a vacuum hand pump:
  • The secondary-air valve must be replaced if it does not open on applying vacuum.
  • If the secondary-air valve opens on applying vacuum, the solenoid actuation valve (solenoid switching valve) and the vacuum hoses must be checked.
  • The secondary-air valve diaphragm is leaking if the vacuum applied with the vacuum hand pump decreases.
  • Deposits on the side facing the secondary-air pump (check with finger, refer to adjacent illustration) are an indication of non-return valve leakage.
  • To check, unfasten the connecting hose between the secondary-air pump and secondary-air valve.
In this case, the secondary-air pump may already have suffered damage: Check and if necessary replace the secondary-air pump.
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Checking: Solenoid switching valve

  • The solenoid switching valve is energised for the duration of secondary-air injection (cold starting phase). The solenoid switching valve is open when energised and closed when deenergised.
  • A vacuum hand pump can be used to check for opening and leakage.
  • During secondary-air injection, electrical system voltage must be applied to the connector of the solenoid switching valve. If not, an electrical fault has occurred which must be localised with the help of a circuit diagram.
腐蚀的换向阀 | 梅施汽车零部件(上海)
腐蚀的换向阀(已打开)

Checking: Vacuum system

  • The control vacuum may not be attained in the event of leakage.
  • A manometer, e.g. on the vacuum hand pump, can be used to check the control vacuum at the solenoid switching valve and on vacuum-controlled secondary-air valves.
  • If a minimum control vacuum of 390 mbar (corresponding to an absolute pressure of 610 mbar) is not attained, the entire vacuum system must be examined for leaks and the damaged component replaced.

Possible sources of trouble:

  • Defective hoses (porous, rodent attack)
  • Leaking connections at pneumatic valves
  • Leaking non-return valves/vacuum accumulator
  • Defective/porous diaphragms or seals at pneumatic actuators
  • Leakage in intake manifold
  • Defective vacuum pump

Checking: Connection to exhaust manifold

Exhaust gas may be heard to escape at the connecting flange if a seal is defective.

  • Check the connection for leaks and re-seal if necessary.

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